In the New Testament, the use of pastor, overseer, and elder are equivalent as the terms are used synonymously. However, the functions of this ministry or office may differ depending on how the individual uses his gifts in ministry.
All pastors and elders are to shepherd the church, to oversee the individuals and families who make up the congregation. (1 Pet. 5:1-3) But, some are to devote more time to the teaching and equipping ministries of the church, which is a primary function of pastors and elders. Some are also to rule over the church as servant leaders. One can conclude that some elders are called to function as shepherds who feed and care for the church in love and humility, while some may also serve in a leadership office. Those elders who are called to serve as church leaders help rule over the church in the office of elder on a team of elders or spiritual leaders. A qualified elder may serve the church as a "ruling" elder who holds an official office. But, there may be other qualified elders who help provide servant leadership for the church, but they may not be selected to hold an official office.
A lead pastor functions on a team of elders or spiritual leaders as the leader of that team devoted to the spiritual care and feeding of the church. He is to equip and encourage these leaders to do the work of their ministry as shepherds who lead, feed, and intercede for the local church. The elders team or church governing board helps him to do that. Here's how:
- Elders pray for the lead pastor, their shepherd and visionary leader.
- Elders ask the hard questions of their lead pastor.
- Elders protect their pastors from unjust criticism and unfounded accusations.
- Elders check on the lead pastor's progress after seeing to it that he sets ministry and life goals.
- Elders help keep him focused on his priorities, core ministries, and the big picture for the church.
The following are two excellent resources for learning more about elders in the church:
Church Elders: How to Shepherd God's People Like Jesus, by Jeramie Rinne
Biblical Eldership: An Urgent Call to Restore Biblical Church Leadership, by Alexander Strauch
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